Can a UTI Cause Bloating and Constipation?

Approximately 40% of women will develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime. People often recognize frequent and painful urination as the hallmark signs of this condition [1]. But can a UTI make you feel bloated, gassy, or constipated? 

Discover some of the lesser-known symptoms of this common disorder, including UTI bloating and gas. This knowledge can help you recognize the signs of UTIs sooner and get prompt treatment. 

The Broader Impact of UTIs on Gut Health 

A urinary tract infection develops when harmful bacteria climb the urethra and invade the bladder. These microorganisms attach to the bladder wall, causing inflammation [1]. 

Some researchers believe these pathogens can migrate from the bladder to the intestines. The bacteria may cross the intestinal barrier and colonize the gastrointestinal tract. This theory could explain why some people with UTIs experience frequent urination and bloating and gas [1]. 

Poor gut health may increase the risk of bacteria traveling to the intestines. In healthy people, the gut barrier controls nutrient absorption and prevents microbes from entering the digestive system. A weak gut barrier may allow fluids and pathogens to travel into the intestines from nearby organs like the bladder [2].

However, few studies have investigated the potential links between urinary and gut health [2].

Can a UTI Cause Bloating? 

It’s normal to occasionally have a distended or tight stomach. You may assume that you ate too much or have an upset stomach. But does UTI cause bloating? 

Almost 70% of women with recurrent UTIs report gastrointestinal symptoms².

‍

Despite the prevalence of GI symptoms in individuals facing urinary tract infections, (surprisingly and unfortunately) UTI bloating isn’t a common or widely studied phenomenon. However, some researchers have detected a connection between UTIs and gastrointestinal problems like bloating. For example, a 2022 study in The Journal of Personalized Medicine found that women with recurrent UTIs often experienced bloating and abdominal pain [2].

Changes in the gut microbiome may cause bloating with UTI. According to another 2022 study, women with a history of UTIs tend to have less diverse bacteria in their guts. They also have fewer butyrate-producing bacteria, which support gut health and metabolism [3]. This lack of helpful bacteria may make the body more susceptible to UTIs and lead to bloating.   

Frequent episodes of UTIs may disrupt normal gut flora, leading to gastrointestinal issues³.

‍

Can UTI Cause Gas? 

Most people don’t associate a grumbling stomach with a bladder issue, but can UTI cause bloating and gas? 

The answer is yes. Almost 70% of women with recurrent UTIs report gastrointestinal symptoms, including flatulence [2]. Imbalances in the gut microbiome may contribute to these signs and allow harmful bacteria to colonize the bladder [3]. However, more research is needed to understand the link between UTIs and gas. 

Can a UTI Cause Bloating and Constipation?  

Constipation is another gastrointestinal symptom associated with UTI bloating. In the Journal of Personalized Medicine study, women with repeated infections reported experiencing more intense constipation than those in the control group [2].

This symptom could be caused by microbial disruptions in the “gut-bladder axis.” People with UTIs may also experience mixed bowel habits or related issues. For example, approximately 20% of women with recurrent UTIs have significant diarrhea [2].

Can a UTI Cause Weight Gain? 

You’re probably not thinking about a potential UTI when you step on the scale. But does a UTI make you bloated and cause weight gain? 

Few studies have tried to answer the question, "Can a UTI cause bloating and weight gain?" The limited research available has produced inconclusive and contradictory results. 

For example, a 2015 study of weight gain in pregnant women didn’t detect a statistically significant difference between people with and without UTIs [4]. By contrast, a 2012 study found that obese people with a BMI over 30 have a higher risk of UTI [5].

However, no studies suggest that UTIs can directly cause weight to increase. Although people who experience bloating with a UTI may feel heavier, bloating is typically a temporary condition that doesn’t lead to permanent weight gain [6].