Symptoms of UTIs - Urinary Tract Infections

Amanda Kauffman
Amanda Kauffman
May 29, 2022
5
min read
Reviewed by:
Adele Morris
Symptoms of UTIs - Urinary Tract Infections
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Like most people, you probably don’t spend much time thinking about your urinary habits. You pop into the bathroom, do your business, and go about your day. The routine nature of urination makes it especially unsettling when you encounter unexpected issues like pain or urgency.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of these disruptions, affecting approximately 400 million people globally each year. If left untreated, they may lead to severe complications [1]. This article explores common UTI symptoms, risk factors, and other disorders that may mimic UTI signs.

What is a Urinary Tract Infection?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system - kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra [2].

Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than men.

Women are at a greater risk of developing a UTI than men. Each year, more than 10% of American women are diagnosed with a UTI, and over 60% will experience one at least once in their lifetime [1].

UTIs can be painful and recurring. Serious consequences can occur if a UTI spreads to the kidneys [2].

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacteria found in the intestines, but when it enters the urinary tract, it can cause infections such as UTIs, leading to symptoms like pain, frequent urination, and discomfort.

Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections

There are many symptoms of a urinary tract infection which include:

  • a burning feeling when you pee
  • a frequent or intense urge to pee even though little comes out when you do
  • a cloudy dark bloody or strange-smelling pee
  • feeling tired or shaky
  • fever or chills - which is a sign that the infection may have reached the kidneys
  • pain or pressure in the lower back, lower abdomen, or around the bladder

Complicated UTI Symptoms

A complicated UTI is an infection that has more severe symptoms and resists standard treatment protocols. This type of infection typically occurs in people with pre-existing health conditions that compromise their immune systems. For example, individuals who have urinary tract stones, are pregnant, or use catheters are more prone to developing complicated UTIs [3].

The symptoms of complicated UTIs include [3]:

  • Fever and chills
  • Flank pain
  • Inflammation of the bladder for more than seven days
  • Delirium and other changes in cognitive function
  • Sepsis

Complicated UTIs often require more powerful antibiotics than simple infections. In many cases, patients also need longer courses of treatment to recover [3].

UTI Symptoms in the Elderly

Many elderly individuals develop UTIs, but their symptoms don’t always present in the way you might expect. More than one in four (28.9%) seniors experience delirium or confusion as a primary symptom [4].

Elderly patients may also exhibit other atypical signs of a UTI, including [4]:

  • Fever
  • Low blood pressure
  • Tachycardia (elevated heart rate)
For senior patients with complex health issues, managing UTIs involves careful observation by caregivers for symptoms such as unusual incontinence, fever, and behavioral changes, as these individuals may struggle to communicate typical symptoms.

UTI Symptoms in Women

UTIs can affect any woman, but symptoms may vary depending on life stage and medical conditions. Here are three common scenarios where UTIs may present differently.

UTI Symptoms and Pregnancy

Pregnancy changes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infections. Pregnant women experience the same symptoms as non-pregnant individuals. However, they may also develop pregnancy-related signs, such as contractions, preterm labor, and placental abruption [5].

Urinary Tract Infections during pregnancy are common and they require professional help.

UTI Symptoms and Menstruation

A UTI doesn’t directly affect your menstrual cycle. However, you may notice that your UTI symptoms before period intensify as hormonal changes affect the genitourinary microbiome [6].

Additionally, you may notice new UTI symptoms after period if you use sanitary napkins or pads. Tampons can help prevent UTIs by limiting bacterial growth [7].

UTI Symptoms After Hysterectomy

The risk of UTIs decreases after a hysterectomy, but it’s still possible to develop an infection. Common urinary symptoms following a hysterectomy include incontinence, disrupted urine flow, and difficulty emptying the bladder [8].

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UTI Symptoms in Children

Children with UTIs have many of the same symptoms as adults, but they can’t often describe what hurts. Parents should be alert for these UTI symptoms [9]:

  • Crying or distress when urinating
  • Foul-smelling diapers
  • Bedwetting
  • Lethargy and weak limbs in infants younger than two months

UTI Symptoms vs STD Symptoms

UTIs and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) often have similar symptoms, so it’s not always easy to tell the differences between them.

For instance, many people confuse chlamydia vs UTI symptoms. Both types of infection can cause painful urination and discomfort during sex. However, chlamydia is often associated with penile and vaginal discharge, while discharge UTI symptoms are less common [10].  

An at-home urinary test kit can help determine if you have a UTI or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If you have UTI symptoms but negative test, you should see a doctor for a complete STI screening.

Infections That Mimic UTIs

Several infections present symptoms similar to UTIs but aren’t detectable through a urine test. If you have UTI symptoms with negative culture, one of these conditions may be the underlying cause.

COVID and UTI symptoms can overlap. Both infections can lead to increased frequency and urgency in urination, especially at night. People affected by either condition may also experience dysuria, which refers to pain or itching during urination. However, COVID is also associated with respiratory symptoms like congestion and cough [11].

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another condition frequently mistaken for a UTI. Similar to a urinary infection, BV can cause burning when urinating and vaginal irritation. However, BV vs UTI symptoms have one key difference: BV often causes milky white or gray vaginal discharge with a distinct fishy odor, whereas UTIs don’t have a noticeable smell [12]. You can use an at-home vaginal pH test kit like Vaginox to detect BV.  

Vaginox is a quick, at-home vaginal pH test that helps women monitor their vaginal health and detect imbalances that may indicate conditions like bacterial vaginosis.

Other Factors That May Affect UTIs

Numerous environmental factors can exacerbate UTI symptoms or cause similar signs, including:

  • Dehydration: A systematic review of medical studies suggests that there may be a link between dehydration and UTI symptoms. Drinking over one liter of water daily could alleviate symptoms and decrease your risk of recurrent UTIs [13].
  • Sexual intercourse: Sexual activity can push bacteria from the outside of the genitals into the opening of the urethra. Women have shorter urethras than men, so they’re more likely to develop UTI symptoms after sex. Urinating soon after sex can help clear out harmful bacteria before an infection develops [14].
  • Alcohol consumption: Have you noticed urinary issues after enjoying a glass of beer or wine? These beverages can irritate the bladder, potentially triggering UTI symptoms after drinking alcohol [15].

Monitor Your Urinary Health 24/7

People experience a wide range of UTI symptoms, including bloating, painful urination, delirium, and more. This diverse array of signs can make it challenging to pinpoint the underlying cause and seek appropriate treatment.

Assess your urinary health at home with Diagnox’s UTI or Urinox-10 test strips. These convenient test kits provide fast results and can give you peace of mind about your well-being.

References

[1] Mayo Clinic Staff, “Urinary Tract Infection (UTI),” Mayo Clinic. [Accessed May 16, 2022].

[2] J. S. Kovacs, “Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs),” WebMD. [Accessed May 16, 2022].

[3] NIH Staff, “Urinary Tract Infection - adults,” Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia – National Library of Medicine, NIH. [Accessed May 16, 2022].

[4] C. Dutta et al., “Urinary Tract Infection Induced Delirium in Elderly patients: a Systematic Review,” Cureus, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1–11, Dec. 2022. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[5‌] P. J. Habak and J. Griggs, “Urinary Tract Infection In Pregnancy,” PubMed, 2020. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[6] O. Grobeisen-Duque, C. D. Mora-Vargas, M. G. Aguilera-Arreola, and A. C. Helguera-Repetto, “Cycle Biodynamics of Women’s Microbiome in the Urinary and Reproductive Systems,” Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 4003, Jan. 2023. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

‌[7] N. Aggarwal and S. Lotfollahzadeh, “Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections,” PubMed, 2022. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[8] [1]C. Ekanayake, A. Pathmeswaran, R. Herath, and P. Wijesinghe, “Vaginal, sexual and urinary symptoms following hysterectomy: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial,” Women’s Midlife Health, vol. 6, no. 1, Mar. 2020. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[9] Yale Medicine, “Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children,” Yale Medicine. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[10] Mayo Clinic, “Chlamydia trachomatis - Symptoms and causes,” Mayo Clinic, 2022. [Accessed October 4, 2024].

[11] S. Wittenberg et al., “Prolonged impacts of COVID-19-associated cystitis: A study on long-term consequences,” World Journal of Clinical Cases, vol. 11, no. 33, pp. 7987–7993, Nov. 2023. [Accessed October 4, 2024].  

[12] Office on Women’s Health. “Bacterial vaginosis,” U.S. department of Health & Human Services, May 31, 2022. [Accessed October 4, 2024].  

About the Author
Amanda Kauffman

Amanda Kauffman is a healthcare writer with a passion for providing accurate and useful information to readers. With a background in biology and nutrition, Amanda writes about the human body, diet, and diseases that impact humans.

She is deeply committed to empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health, as she believes that our choices have a great impact on our health outcomes. This drives her to research and write about a wide range of topics, including preventive measures, treatments, and the latest scientific developments in healthcare.

Amanda is thrilled to be working with Diagnox, a company that shares her vision for improved healthcare delivery for all. Through her writing, she hopes to inspire and educate readers to take control of their health and make informed choices that will lead to a happier and healthier life.

About the Reviewer
This blog was
Reviewed by:
Adele Morris

Adele Morris served as the editor and proofreader of this blog, displaying her exceptional editorial skills and expertise in the field.

The blog was also reviewed by the Diagnox content team. Diagnox Staff consists of a multidisciplinary team of scientists, content writers, and healthcare professionals with an expertise to create and review high-quality, informative, accurate, and easy-to-understand content for both professionals and everyday readers. Our staff follows strict guidelines to ensure the credibility and authenticity of the information, reviewing them independently and verifying them by various scientific and technical sources to ensure accuracy. Our review team believes in delivering knowledge free from bias to improve public health and well-being.

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