Your Guide to Vaginal Odor Products

Stroll down the aisles of your local pharmacy, and you’ll probably see dozens of vaginal odor products. Scented tampons, supplements, washes, and other products all claim to hide or eliminate odor. But how do you know if you need these products and which ones are safe to use?

Vaginal odor is a sensitive subject, so many women feel afraid or embarrassed to ask these questions. You might wonder if you have a normal scent or if there’s something wrong with your vagina. You may also consider trying commercial products or the numerous home remedies touted online but not know where to start. This guide covers everything you need to know about how to get rid of vaginal odor effectively and safely, including the formulations of products, their effectiveness, and what to look for when buying them.

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Understanding Vaginal Odor

The vagina has a complex ecosystem filled with millions of microorganisms. Lactobacillus and other beneficial bacteria help balance the vagina’s pH level and fight disease. However, many factors can throw off the natural balance of your vagina’s ecosystem. These disruptions can lead to vaginal odor, infection, and other consequences [1].

If you feel down about your vaginal odor, you’re not alone. Bacterial vaginosis and other odor-causing conditions cause many women to feel embarrassed, depressed, and less confident [2]. While these feelings are normal, you shouldn’t let them prevent you from seeking a solution.  

Common Causes of Vaginal Odor

Many factors can contribute to vaginal odor, including [3]:

• Bacterial vaginosis
• Sexually transmitted infections, such as trichomoniasis
• Yeast infection
• Dehydration
• Stress
• Poor hygiene
• A tampon left in the vagina for too long
• Menstruation
• Eating smelly foods, such as garlic and fish

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In rare cases, vaginal odor can be caused by cervical cancer or a rectovaginal fistula [3].

It’s important to note that all vaginas have a natural scent, and it’s normal for this smell to change throughout your menstrual cycle. You may also notice a more pungent odor after sexual intercourse or exercise. However, you should see a doctor if your vagina suddenly has an intense and unpleasant smell that persists for several days [3].

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Managing Vaginal Odor

Although vaginal odor is often a normal part of the body's natural processes, persistent or intense odors may require attention. Luckily, there are many ways to manage vaginal odor, depending on the cause. In addition to lifestyle changes, hygiene adjustments, or medical treatments, there are also specially designed products that can help manage or reduce unwanted odors.

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Vaginal Odor Products

Vaginal odor products are designed to address and manage unwanted or unusual vaginal odors that can occur due to a variety of factors, such as infections, hormonal changes, or poor hygiene. These products come in several forms, each catering to different needs and preferences. Here's a look at the various kinds:

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Scented Tampons and Pads

Scented tampons and pads typically contain three key components: fragrances, which mask or neutralize menstrual odors; odor-absorbing agents, like cyclodextrins, that trap and break down odor-causing molecules [14]; and absorbent materials such as cotton or rayon, which effectively absorb menstrual blood and moisture to reduce the environment where bacteria thrive, further minimizing odor. The specific makeup of these ingredients may vary by brand and formulation, with fragrance details often being proprietary.

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These products work by covering natural odors and absorbing menstrual fluid to limit bacterial activity, which causes odor [10]. However, they do not treat the root cause of odor and may lead to irritation or allergic reactions, particularly in sensitive individuals. Many health experts recommend unscented options to avoid disrupting the natural balance of vaginal flora, which can help prevent infections like bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections [13].

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Vaginal Washes/Douches

Vaginal washes are designed to cleanse the external genital area while helping to maintain the natural pH balance and reduce the bacterial load that may contribute to infections or odors. These washes are often formulated with antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine or benzoyl peroxide, which can effectively reduce harmful bacteria. Chlorhexidine, for example, is widely used due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, helping to control bacterial growth without significantly disrupting the vaginal ecosystem [15]. Benzoyl peroxide, although primarily known for its use in acne treatments, may also appear in certain formulations for its antibacterial effects [16].

It is essential to choose pH-balanced washes that are free from harsh chemicals like parabens and sulfates, which can irritate sensitive skin and disrupt the natural vaginal flora. These chemicals have been associated with irritation and allergic reactions, which can further imbalance the delicate environment of the vagina, potentially leading to infections such as bacterial vaginosis [17]. Therefore, women are often advised to select products that clearly state they are formulated for sensitive skin and contain mild, natural ingredients to prevent adverse reactions.

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Deodorizing Sprays and Powders

Deodorizing sprays and powders are formulated to manage vaginal odor by absorbing moisture and masking unwanted smells. These products typically include ingredients like talc, which is known for its ability to absorb moisture and keep the area dry [18]. Another common component is baking soda, which neutralizes odors by balancing pH levels [19]. Additionally, fragrance compounds are often added to provide a fresh scent, although the exact formulation of these compounds may vary between products and is often proprietary [20].

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While deodorizing sprays and powders can be effective at providing a temporary solution to odor control, they do come with potential downsides. For instance, talc has been linked to concerns over long-term safety, especially when used frequently in the genital area, as ongoing studies investigate possible health risks [18]. Moreover, the inclusion of synthetic fragrance compounds can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin.

To reduce the risk of irritation, products with natural ingredients and fewer additives are generally considered safer. For example, deodorizing products that use cornstarch or natural essential oils instead of synthetic chemicals are less likely to cause adverse reactions and offer a gentler alternative for managing moisture and odor [21]. It's always advisable to choose products specifically labeled for sensitive skin to minimize the risk of irritation.

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Vaginal Probiotics

Vaginal probiotics are supplements designed to support and maintain a healthy balance of vaginal bacteria by introducing beneficial Lactobacillus strains. These probiotics help maintain the natural acidic environment of the vagina, which is essential for preventing the overgrowth of harmful bacteria and yeast. The primary goal is to restore the population of Lactobacilli, the dominant type of bacteria in a healthy vaginal environment, which can be disrupted by factors such as antibiotics, hormonal changes, or infections [1].

These probiotics typically come in capsule or tablet form, and choosing products that have undergone clinical testing for efficacy is crucial to ensure they work as intended. Not all probiotic strains are equally effective for vaginal health, so it’s important to look for strains that have been specifically studied for this purpose. Two such strains are Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, both of which have shown promise in clinical studies for their ability to promote a healthy vaginal microbiome [2].

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Lactobacillus reuteri is known for its ability to produce reuterin, a substance that inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus is valued for its strong adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells and its role in preventing infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections [3]. When selecting vaginal probiotics, it is important to ensure the strains included have been well-researched and proven to support vaginal health.

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Maximizing the Effectiveness of Vaginal Odor Products

Good Hygiene

Proper hygiene can reduce the risk of vaginal odor. Be sure to wash your vulva regularly with warm water and a gentle, unscented soap [3].

Clothing also affects vaginal hygiene. Choose underwear and pants made from cotton and other breathable materials. It’s also crucial to promptly change out of a damp swimsuit and sweaty workout gear. These steps help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, which tend to flourish in moist and warm environments [3].  

It’s essential to avoid harsh cleaning products that disrupt the vaginal microbiome. According to a 2020 study, douches, vaginal deodorants, and vaginal powders can change the vaginal pH level and eliminate healthy bacteria. As a result, these products increase the risk of odor-causing bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted infections [4].

Dietary and Lifestyle Tips

A healthy diet can help you avoid vaginal odor. A literature review found that a high-starch diet increases glycogen levels in the vagina and promotes the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria. A diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E and β-carotene can also decrease your risk of bacterial vaginosis [5].

Additionally, drinking adequate water prevents vaginal odor caused by high concentrations of waste material in urine [4].  

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Reducing Anxiety and Improving Overall Well-Being

Decreasing anxiety can enhance your vaginal health and overall wellbeing. Lifestyle changes that reduce stress include [6]:

• Exercising regularly
• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting adequate sleep
• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco